问：
内局部分：
一、厕所或厨房在房子的正中央
二、房子中心点在室外
三、屋形不整，歪歪斜斜
四、进入大门客厅在最后面
五、楼梯在中央
六、卧室大过客厅
七、马桶或炉灶正对门或一开大门可直接见到
八、厨房正对厕所
九、梁柱太多，天花板太低
外局部分：
十、位于三岔路口或双岔路口的房子
十一、庙前庙后或四周
十二、前路冲或反弓
十三、开门见墓地或太近坟场
十四、地基前高后低
十五、马路高过地基
十六、曾发生过凶杀案、火灾者皆不宜
十七、屋龄过久（50年以上）外表太破旧，结构歪陷者
十八、桃花宅，曾闹过婚变婚外情的房子
十九、房子之前曾经一改再改，一修再修，格局混乱
House 从结构上看，可以分为两层式(two story)， Bi-level，平房(bunglo) ，分层（level split）。下面逐一加以介绍.
Two story: 最常见一类房型，典型特点为地表层(main floor) 为主厅(living room)，厨房及饭厅(dining room)，上层是卧室(bedroom)及卫生间(bathroom)，地下室由主厅通向地下.
几个名词解释
Apartment 类似于中国的单元楼，是建筑物中的一部分，一般宜建筑物中有多个的相同用途的自成体系的生活设施和空间，共同使用走廊，电梯及一些公共设施。可以是租住，也可拥有产权。
Townhouse 源于历史上英国、爱尔兰等国家贵族居住于城镇中的乡村风格的房子中。在北美它专指一排房屋中的一座，也叫排屋。
Condo也叫做condominium 是共有和共同统治之意。个人拥有建筑物的一部分的产权，公共部分和其他所有者共同拥有，维持和维护费用（assessments）交给管理委员会或芾砉径苑课萆枋┙形ぁ⑿奚珊透纳啤?/p>
House 通常的意义是指人们构建的住宅，包括墙、地面和屋顶，以提供人们遮风避雨、取暖及安全的需要。现一般分为独立屋(detached and often standing on their own parcel of land)
半独立屋（attached to one or more houses。a house with two units sharing a common wall ）
排屋（attached to other houses， possibly in a row (separated by a party wall))
Bungalow（源自海地语bangla）: 类似于中国国内的平房，所有结构均在一层展开，(严格讲不包括地下室(basement)Ranch通常有地下室和车库，50s-60s在美国流行)。全部结构在一个平面上展开，比较适于老人购买，没有上下楼的烦恼.
Bi-level: 与Bungalow 最大的区别在于地下室(basement)是高窗，经过装修后，可以住人，无不适感. 有时为分门出入，适于出租.
Level split: 各层分开，各为独立，分别有独立的卧室，洗手间等，可以互不干扰，有4层， 5层和 Back Split， Side Split， Front Split。
一般来讲，按照所有权(Ownership)的不同，我们通常所说的房屋包括House和Condo（或Condominium）。House又分为独立屋(Single House 或detached)、双连屋(Duplex或semidetached house) .Condo则包括Apartment 和Townhouse（也叫排屋，镇屋）。所谓的独立屋，即房子和这块地都是房主的私人财产，由房主自己管理。有人也许会问及领空和地表以下的所有权，如果你对加拿大历史有兴趣，可以发现，至今的确有少部分地产包括了地表以下的资源. 不过，对目前地产市场上绝大多数房屋来讲，地表以下的资源是属于政府的. 双连屋就是两个房子通过一面公用墙连在一起。同独立屋相比，双连屋因占地少及有公用墙等原因，所以它比较便易。无论独立屋还是双连屋都有一块属于它的地（lot）。通常房价包括地价（如买新房还须付GST，买旧房没有GST).
Condo（或Condominium）包括Apartment 和Townhouse（也叫排屋）。Condo的特点就是他的各个单元（Unit）之间有共用或共有的部分，比如说：房顶，外墙，走廊及停车厂等；一般Apartment 还会有共有的水、电、气系统及洗衣房等。另外，一个Condo（Condominium）的占地也是共有的。简单的说， Condo的用户除拥有自家单位外，全体用户共同拥有小区的共用设施，如访客停车位，娱乐设施. 共用或共有的部分需要资金来管理，这就是每个单元都要付管理费的原因。管理费要支付共用或共有部分维修和更换的费用。有些管理费还包括水、电、气三项中的一项、两项甚至三项全包。所以，购买Condo时除了要了解它的管理费外，还要了解管理费中都包括了什么？
一个管理好的Condo应有足够的储备资金(reserve fund)。它是从每月的管理费中按比例提取的。储备资金用于共用或共有部分的维修维护。一个管理好的Condo应有足够的储备资金(reserve fund)。若是一个管理好的Condo，平均到每个单元的储备资金可达到$1000以上。买这样的Condo我们就不用担心它的管理费会涨。Condo的每一个单元都对管理有一定的发言权。这个权限的大小是由该单元的单元因数（Unit Factor）决定的。这个权力是在所有单元的拥有者开会（Condo Meeting）表决时体现的。管理模式上，可以小区自行设立管理委员会或外聘专业管理公司.
加拿大木屋，其主要特点如下：
●居住舒适
木结构住宅与砖混住宅的最大区别是舒适性。由于国内多年来使用实心黏土和混凝土建造房屋，人们更偏爱砖混住宅。但走进木结构住宅去感受一下，就会现其优势。
例如：砖混住宅无论装修如何豪华，隔一段时间不用就会有阴冷潮湿之感；而木结构住宅从竣工之日入住，就十分舒适，空置再久也不会出现如砖混房屋的不适感。尤其是现代的新型木结构住宅，使用的配套建材都具有环保特性。生活在木结构住宅里，仿佛置身于大自然，使人受益于潜移默化之中。所以，西方人对木结构住宅有强烈的偏爱。
●设计灵活
由于建筑材料自身的特点，使木结构住宅的外观造型和室内布局设计十分灵活，可以充分发挥设计师的想象力和入居者的个性。在加拿大，即使大规模的住宅区也很难找到两幢设计相同的住宅，更没有“兵营式”的同房型小区，而这正是目前中国的房地产业所缺乏的。
加拿大的欧洲移民背景，使其在建筑风格上吸收了欧洲各国各时期的建筑特色，拥有众多的传统及现代建筑风格。例如，源于英国中世纪的“都铎式”，田园情调的“乡村式”，充满浪漫色彩的“法兰西式”，严谨典雅的“维多利亚式”等。中国的低层住宅在设计水平和品位上尚待提高，一个重要的障碍就是使用混凝土材料难以完成复杂灵活的建筑造型。而木结构住宅在这方面拥有极大的优势。不仅房屋设计可以随心所欲，施工过程中还能随时调整和更改房间的布局、门窗的位置等，甚至在使用过程中，也可以轻易地扩建和改造。这些都是混凝土住宅所难以企及的。
●保温隔音
木结构住宅的另一个突出特点是保温和隔音能力强。
利用夹层保温和空气屏障的原理，使木结构住宅的保温能力甚佳。木材和石膏板都是热的不良导体，二者结合的框架结构形成相对封闭的室内空间。因此，无论是冬季取暖，还是夏季制冷，木结构住宅的能源消耗仅为砖混住宅的1/5，大大节省了能源费用。
由于墙体内装有保温隔音材料—玻璃纤维岩棉，更有效地提高了木结构住宅的保温和隔音能力。同样厚度的玻璃纤维岩棉，其保温效果是混凝土的8-12倍，其降噪吸声效果是混凝土的4倍。实际检测结果表明，50mm厚的玻璃纤维岩棉可以降低噪音50分贝。中空玻璃窗的选用也提高了保温隔音效果，创造了静谧温馨的居住空间。
●防潮防腐
在人们的传统意识中，木材的防潮防腐性能差，容易因此而影响住宅的使用寿命。其实，加拿大的防潮防腐处理技术早已解决了这一担忧。木结构住宅的防潮防腐主要通过对木材的防腐处理和配套使用防潮建材来实现。例如，与混凝土基础接触的部位使用经防腐处理的木材；在外墙体敷设单向透气的防潮膜，既可防止外界潮气对墙内保温材料的侵袭，又能避免室内潮气在墙体内形成冷凝现象；在屋面瓦的下面也铺设防潮建筑纸。合理的结构设计使木结构住宅具有良好的防潮防腐能力，即使是建筑在海边的住宅，其坚固耐久性也是经得起考验的。其实，加拿大的温哥华是全世界最潮湿的城市之一，不仅位于海边，其年均降雨量超过中国的任何大城市，但木结构住宅在那里并没有受到威胁。加拿大木结构住宅的标准使用寿命为70年。实际上，在温哥华地区逾百年的木宅比比皆是。
●防火防蚁
建筑物的防火能力并不取决于单项建筑材料的性能，而是取决于整个建筑系统的耐火等级。加拿大的木结构住宅主体框架采用密封防火设计，并封闭在石膏板后面。石膏板遇火灾时产生的结晶水可以有效地阻燃，而木结构的密封设计也防止了火焰的蔓延。耐火实验证明，在室内发生火灾的2小时内，木结构住宅的主框架保持稳固完整，居住者有充分的时间离开火场并采取灭火措施。
对付白蚁的方法也由传统的土壤处理法发展到使用金属屏障网和屏障沙粒、杀蚁药品、对木材进行防腐防蚁处理等多种有效的方法。今天，“谈蚁色变”的时代早已过去了。
●抗震防风
木结构房屋的抗震能力是众所周知的。加拿大框架式木结构住宅的墙体和楼面、屋面六位一体，均匀受力，抵御地震。在里氏6.8级的神户大地震中，日本的梁柱式木结构住宅因横向承载力不足而纷纷倒塌，只有从加拿大进口的木结构住宅抗震效果极佳，使日本兴起了进口加拿大预制住宅的热潮。
因加拿大的木结构住宅属于密肋的墙承重体系，并且六面整合，抗侧力很强，所以能够承受风速为70米/秒的飓风。在飓风多发的美国西海岸地区和陆龙卷风强烈的加拿大北部地区，木结构住宅仍是当地居民的首选。
●健康环保
二十一世纪，绿色环保生活将成为新的生活方式。木结构住宅采用天然材料作为结构主体，配套建材也不含对人体的有害物质，是理想的绿色居住空间，使人在不知不觉中享受健康环保的益处。另外，木结构建筑法对周围环境的污染和损害极小。国际认可的“生命周期分析方法”对主要建筑材料的环境污染指数进行测试的结果表明，木材对环境污染的各项指标均大大低于砖瓦和混凝土，对水、空气、土壤、周围环境均不造成污
A Acceleration clause
A clause in your mortgage which allows the lender to demand payment of the outstanding loan balance for various reasons. The most common reasons for accelerating a loan are if the borrower defaults on the loan or transfers title to another individual without informing the lender.Adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM)
A mortgage in which the interest changes periodically, according to corresponding fluctuations in an index. All ARMs are tied to indexes.
Adjustment date
The date the interest rate changes on an adjustable-rate mortgage
Amortization: The number of years it will take to pay back your mortgage loan.
Amortization schedule
A table which shows how much of each payment will be applied toward principal and how much toward interest over the life of the loan. It also shows the gradual decrease of the loan balance until it reaches zero.
Anniversary: Most lenders allow borrowers to make payments against the principal on the anniversary of the mortgage.
Appraisal: The act of estimating the market value of a property.
Appraiser
An individual qualified by education, training, and experience to estimate the value of real property and personal property. Although some appraisers work directly for mortgage lenders, most are independent.
Appreciation: The increase in value in a home from when the home was first purchased.
Approved Lender: A lending institution, authorized by the Government of Canada, to make loans under the terms of the National Housing Act. Only Approved Lenders can negotiate mortgages that require mortgage insurance.
Asset
Items of value owned by an individual. Assets that can be quickly converted into cash are considered "liquid assets." These include bank accounts, stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and so on. Other assets include real estate, personal property, and debts owed to an individual by others.
Assumption Agreement: A legal document signed by the homebuyer that requires the buyer to assume responsibility for the obligations of a mortgage by the builder or the previous owner.
B
Balanced Market: A market condition where the demand for property equals the supply of available properties for sale. There is typically a good number of homes available to choose from at fair and stable prices.
Bankruptcy
By filing in federal bankruptcy court, an individual or individuals can restructure or relieve themselves of debts and liabilities. Bankruptcies are of various types, but the most common for an individual seem to be a "Chapter 7 No Asset" bankruptcy which relieves the borrower of most types of debts. A borrower cannot usually qualify for an "A" paper loan for a period of two years after the bankruptcy has been discharged and requires the re-establishment of an ability to repay debt.
Blended Payment: A mortgage payment that includes principal and interest. It is paid regularly during the term of the mortgage. The payment total remains the same, although the principal portion increases over time and the interest portion decreases.
Buyer’s Market: A market condition where there are a higher number of homes to choose from, than buyers able to purchase. Houses will typically remain un-sold for longer periods and tend to sell at a lower price, allowing for increased negotiating leverage for buyers.
C
Closed Mortgage: A mortgage loan that has a locked-in payment schedule and can not be prepaid or renegotiated before the term's end.
Closing Costs: Costs, in addition to the purchase price of the property, such as legal fees, transfer fees and disbursements. Closing costs typically range from 2% - 4% of a property’s selling price and are payable on the closing day.
Closing Date: The date at which the sale of a property becomes final and the new owner takes possession.
Commitment Letter/Mortgage Approval: Written notification from the mortgage lender to the borrower, that approves the advancement of a specified amount of mortgage funds under specified conditions.
Conditional Offer: An Offer to Purchase that is subject to specified conditions, for example, on approved financing or upon an approved home inspection. Conditional offers typically have a stipulated time limit within which the specified conditions must be met.
Condominium
A type of ownership in real property where all of the owners own the property, common areas and buildings together, with the exception of the interior of the unit to which they have title. Often mistakenly referred to as a type of construction or development, it actually refers to the type of ownership.
Condominium Fees: Payments made by owners of condominiums or townhouses to the property management of a complex that is allocated to pay expenses, such as maintenance, repairs and management costs.
Conventional Mortgage: A mortgage loan up to a maximum of 75% of the lending value of the home. Mortgage loan insurance is usually not required for this type of mortgage.
Counteroffer: When an original offer to the seller is not accepted, the seller may counteroffer.
D
Deed: A legal document that is signed by both the vendor and the purchaser, transferring ownership. This document is registered as evidence of ownership.
Default: Failure to abide by the terms of a mortgage loan agreement. A failure to make mortgage payments may give cause to the mortgage holder to take legal action to foreclose the mortgaged property.
Deposit: A sum of money placed in trust by the purchaser when an Offer to Purchase is made. The real estate representative or lawyer holds the sum until the sale is closed, and then it is paid to the vendor.
Depreciation: The decrease in value in a home from when the home was first purchased.
Discharge of Mortgage: A signed document by the mortgage lender given to the borrower when a mortgage loan has been repaid in full.
Down Payment: The portion of the house price the buyer must pay up front, before securing a mortgage. Deposits generally range from 5% - 25% of the purchase price.
E
Easement: A right acquired for access to or over another person's land for a specific purpose, such as a driveway or public utilities.
Equity: The difference between the price for which a property could be sold and the total debts registered against the property.
F
Foreclosure: A legal process in which the lender takes ownership of a home if the borrower defaults on the mortgage loan.
First Home Loan Insurance (FHLI): A product of the CMHC (Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation) which allows qualified first-time buyers to purchase a home with as little as 5% down.
G
Gross Debt Service Ratio (GDS): The percentage of the borrower's gross monthly income that will be used for monthly payments of principal, interest, taxes, heating costs, and half of any condominium maintenance fees.
H
High-Ratio Mortgage: A mortgage loan higher than 75% of the lending value of the property. Such types of mortgages may need to be insured.
Holdback: The amount of money withheld by the lender during construction of a property to ensure that construction at every state is satisfactory.
I
Interest Adjustment Date (IAD): A date from which interest on the mortgage advanced is calculated for regular payments. This date is usually one payment period before regular mortgage payments begin. Interest due between the date the mortgage is advanced and the IAD is due on closing.
Indenture: A document or deed expressing certain objects between the parties.
Interest Rate: The percentage which is charged for the use of borrowed money.
L
Land Transfer Tax or Property Purchase: Money paid to the provincial government for transferring property to the buyer from the seller.
Lien: A claim against a property for money owing.
Listing: A written agreement between a property owner and a real estate representative authorizing the agency to offer the owner's real property for sale.
Loan-to-Value Ratio: The ratio of the loan to the lending value of a property presented as a percentage. For example, the loan-to-value ratio of a loan for $75,000 on a home which costs $100,000 is 75%.
Lump Sum Prepayment: An extra payment made to reduce the principal balance of a mortgage (with or without penalty). A closed mortgage typically restricts lump sum payments. However, with open mortgages, a lump sum prepayment can be made without penalty.
M
Maturity Date: The last day of the term of the mortgage. On this day, the mortgage loan must either be paid in full or the agreement renewed.
Mortgage: Security for a loan to purchase property.
Mortgage Life Insurance: Insurance you can purchase to pay your mortgage in full should you die before it is paid off.
Mortgage Loan Insurance: Mortgage loan insurance is required by lenders for high-ratio mortgages (more than 75% of the purchase price). It is available from CMHC (Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation) or a private insurer.
Mortgage Payment: A regularly scheduled payment that can be blended to include both principal and interest.
Mortgagee: The lender who provides the mortgage loan.
Mortgagor: The borrower who pledges the property as security for the loan.
N
Net Worth: An individual’s total financial worth. This is calculated by subtracting total liabilities from total assets.
O
Offer to Purchase: A written contract detailing the terms under which the buyer agrees to buy. If accepted by the seller, it forms a legally binding contract subject to the terms and conditions stated in the document.
Open Mortgage: A mortgage that can be prepaid or paid off or renegotiated at any time without penalty. Interest rates for open mortgages are typically higher than the interest rates for closed mortgages.
Operating Costs: The monthly expenses required to operate a home. Typically, this includes property taxes, property insurance, utilities, telephone and home maintenance.
P
P.I.T.H. (Principal, Interest, Taxes and Heating): The costs that are used to calculate the Gross Debt Service ratio (GDS).
Power of Sale: The right of a mortgagee (the lender) to force sale of the property.
Principal: The amount of money borrowed to purchase the home. Mortgage payments consist of payment against the principal plus the interest the lender is charging for the borrowed money.
Property Taxes: Taxes charged to the homeowner by the municipality where the home is located based on the value of the property.
Property Purchase or Land Transfer Tax: Money paid to the provincial government for transferring property to the buyer from the seller.
R
Real Estate Broker: A brokerage that represents a principal in a real estate trade.
Renewal: The borrower renegotiates the mortgage loan for a new term with the lender at the end of a mortgage term.
S
Second Mortgage: An additional mortgage on a property that already has a mortgage.
Seller's Market: A market condition where there are a higher number of buyers than homes available to purchase. Houses will typically sell faster and at a higher price.
Strata or Condominium Fees: Payments made by owners of condominiums or townhouses to the property management of a complex that is allocated to pay expenses such as maintenance, repairs and management costs.
Survey: A document that shows the property boundaries and measurements, specifies the location of buildings on the property, and indicates any easements or encroachments.
T
Tenant: An individual who occupies land or tenement under a landlord.
Tenure: A method of land holdings for a temporary period of time.
Term: The length of time during which a borrower pays a specific interest rate on the mortgage loan. At the end of the term, the borrower either pays off the mortgage or renews it. Title (freehold): A title gives the holder full and exclusive ownership of the land and building for an indefinite period.
Total Debt Service Ratio (TDS): The percentage of the borrower's gross monthly income needed to cover all monthly housing payments and debts, such as car payments and credit cards.
U
Unit: The premises rented under one tenancy agreement, usually an apartment within a complex with a group of units (apartment buildings, condominiums, townhouse complexes, etc.).
Utilities: Services such as heat, water and electricity that may or may not be included in the amount of rent paid. Cable and telephone services are usually not included.
V
Variable-rate Mortgage: A type of mortgage with fixed payments, but fluctuating interest rates. The fluctuating interest rates do not alter your mortgage payment, but determines how much of each payment is applied against the principal opposed to how much is applied to pay the interest.
Valuation: The act of ascertaining how much a specific property is worth.
Vendor: A seller of a property.
Z
Zoning Bylaws: Municipal or regional laws that direct the use of land.
房子ABC---basement图解
1.混凝土砖墙
2.脚柱
3.地基
4.支柱
5.排水管
6.放潮层
一、厕所或厨房在房子的正中央
二、房子中心点在室外
三、屋形不整，歪歪斜斜
四、进入大门客厅在最后面
五、楼梯在中央
六、卧室大过客厅
七、马桶或炉灶正对门或一开大门可直接见到
八、厨房正对厕所
九、梁柱太多，天花板太低
外局部分：
十、位于三岔路口或双岔路口的房子
十一、庙前庙后或四周
十二、前路冲或反弓
十三、开门见墓地或太近坟场
十四、地基前高后低
十五、马路高过地基
十六、曾发生过凶杀案、火灾者皆不宜
十七、屋龄过久（50年以上）外表太破旧，结构歪陷者
十八、桃花宅，曾闹过婚变婚外情的房子
十九、房子之前曾经一改再改，一修再修，格局混乱
House 从结构上看，可以分为两层式(two story)， Bi-level，平房(bunglo) ，分层（level split）。下面逐一加以介绍.
Two story: 最常见一类房型，典型特点为地表层(main floor) 为主厅(living room)，厨房及饭厅(dining room)，上层是卧室(bedroom)及卫生间(bathroom)，地下室由主厅通向地下.
几个名词解释
Apartment 类似于中国的单元楼，是建筑物中的一部分，一般宜建筑物中有多个的相同用途的自成体系的生活设施和空间，共同使用走廊，电梯及一些公共设施。可以是租住，也可拥有产权。
Townhouse 源于历史上英国、爱尔兰等国家贵族居住于城镇中的乡村风格的房子中。在北美它专指一排房屋中的一座，也叫排屋。
Condo也叫做condominium 是共有和共同统治之意。个人拥有建筑物的一部分的产权，公共部分和其他所有者共同拥有，维持和维护费用（assessments）交给管理委员会或芾砉径苑课萆枋┙形ぁ⑿奚珊透纳啤?/p>
House 通常的意义是指人们构建的住宅，包括墙、地面和屋顶，以提供人们遮风避雨、取暖及安全的需要。现一般分为独立屋(detached and often standing on their own parcel of land)
半独立屋（attached to one or more houses。a house with two units sharing a common wall ）
排屋（attached to other houses， possibly in a row (separated by a party wall))
Bungalow（源自海地语bangla）: 类似于中国国内的平房，所有结构均在一层展开，(严格讲不包括地下室(basement)Ranch通常有地下室和车库，50s-60s在美国流行)。全部结构在一个平面上展开，比较适于老人购买，没有上下楼的烦恼.
Bi-level: 与Bungalow 最大的区别在于地下室(basement)是高窗，经过装修后，可以住人，无不适感. 有时为分门出入，适于出租.
Level split: 各层分开，各为独立，分别有独立的卧室，洗手间等，可以互不干扰，有4层， 5层和 Back Split， Side Split， Front Split。
一般来讲，按照所有权(Ownership)的不同，我们通常所说的房屋包括House和Condo（或Condominium）。House又分为独立屋(Single House 或detached)、双连屋(Duplex或semidetached house) .Condo则包括Apartment 和Townhouse（也叫排屋，镇屋）。所谓的独立屋，即房子和这块地都是房主的私人财产，由房主自己管理。有人也许会问及领空和地表以下的所有权，如果你对加拿大历史有兴趣，可以发现，至今的确有少部分地产包括了地表以下的资源. 不过，对目前地产市场上绝大多数房屋来讲，地表以下的资源是属于政府的. 双连屋就是两个房子通过一面公用墙连在一起。同独立屋相比，双连屋因占地少及有公用墙等原因，所以它比较便易。无论独立屋还是双连屋都有一块属于它的地（lot）。通常房价包括地价（如买新房还须付GST，买旧房没有GST).
Condo（或Condominium）包括Apartment 和Townhouse（也叫排屋）。Condo的特点就是他的各个单元（Unit）之间有共用或共有的部分，比如说：房顶，外墙，走廊及停车厂等；一般Apartment 还会有共有的水、电、气系统及洗衣房等。另外，一个Condo（Condominium）的占地也是共有的。简单的说， Condo的用户除拥有自家单位外，全体用户共同拥有小区的共用设施，如访客停车位，娱乐设施. 共用或共有的部分需要资金来管理，这就是每个单元都要付管理费的原因。管理费要支付共用或共有部分维修和更换的费用。有些管理费还包括水、电、气三项中的一项、两项甚至三项全包。所以，购买Condo时除了要了解它的管理费外，还要了解管理费中都包括了什么？
加拿大木屋，其主要特点如下：
●居住舒适
木结构住宅与砖混住宅的最大区别是舒适性。由于国内多年来使用实心黏土和混凝土建造房屋，人们更偏爱砖混住宅。但走进木结构住宅去感受一下，就会现其优势。
例如：砖混住宅无论装修如何豪华，隔一段时间不用就会有阴冷潮湿之感；而木结构住宅从竣工之日入住，就十分舒适，空置再久也不会出现如砖混房屋的不适感。尤其是现代的新型木结构住宅，使用的配套建材都具有环保特性。生活在木结构住宅里，仿佛置身于大自然，使人受益于潜移默化之中。所以，西方人对木结构住宅有强烈的偏爱。 木结构住宅与砖混住宅的最大区别是舒适性。由于国内多年来使用实心黏土和混凝土建造房屋，人们更偏爱砖混住宅。但走进木结构住宅去感受一下，就会现其优势。
●设计灵活
由于建筑材料自身的特点，使木结构住宅的外观造型和室内布局设计十分灵活，可以充分发挥设计师的想象力和入居者的个性。在加拿大，即使大规模的住宅区也很难找到两幢设计相同的住宅，更没有“兵营式”的同房型小区，而这正是目前中国的房地产业所缺乏的。
加拿大的欧洲移民背景，使其在建筑风格上吸收了欧洲各国各时期的建筑特色，拥有众多的传统及现代建筑风格。例如，源于英国中世纪的“都铎式”，田园情调的“乡村式”，充满浪漫色彩的“法兰西式”，严谨典雅的“维多利亚式”等。中国的低层住宅在设计水平和品位上尚待提高，一个重要的障碍就是使用混凝土材料难以完成复杂灵活的建筑造型。而木结构住宅在这方面拥有极大的优势。不仅房屋设计可以随心所欲，施工过程中还能随时调整和更改房间的布局、门窗的位置等，甚至在使用过程中，也可以轻易地扩建和改造。这些都是混凝土住宅所难以企及的。
●保温隔音
木结构住宅的另一个突出特点是保温和隔音能力强。
利用夹层保温和空气屏障的原理，使木结构住宅的保温能力甚佳。木材和石膏板都是热的不良导体，二者结合的框架结构形成相对封闭的室内空间。因此，无论是冬季取暖，还是夏季制冷，木结构住宅的能源消耗仅为砖混住宅的1/5，大大节省了能源费用。
由于墙体内装有保温隔音材料—玻璃纤维岩棉，更有效地提高了木结构住宅的保温和隔音能力。同样厚度的玻璃纤维岩棉，其保温效果是混凝土的8-12倍，其降噪吸声效果是混凝土的4倍。实际检测结果表明，50mm厚的玻璃纤维岩棉可以降低噪音50分贝。中空玻璃窗的选用也提高了保温隔音效果，创造了静谧温馨的居住空间。
●防潮防腐
在人们的传统意识中，木材的防潮防腐性能差，容易因此而影响住宅的使用寿命。其实，加拿大的防潮防腐处理技术早已解决了这一担忧。木结构住宅的防潮防腐主要通过对木材的防腐处理和配套使用防潮建材来实现。例如，与混凝土基础接触的部位使用经防腐处理的木材；在外墙体敷设单向透气的防潮膜，既可防止外界潮气对墙内保温材料的侵袭，又能避免室内潮气在墙体内形成冷凝现象；在屋面瓦的下面也铺设防潮建筑纸。合理的结构设计使木结构住宅具有良好的防潮防腐能力，即使是建筑在海边的住宅，其坚固耐久性也是经得起考验的。其实，加拿大的温哥华是全世界最潮湿的城市之一，不仅位于海边，其年均降雨量超过中国的任何大城市，但木结构住宅在那里并没有受到威胁。加拿大木结构住宅的标准使用寿命为70年。实际上，在温哥华地区逾百年的木宅比比皆是。
●防火防蚁
建筑物的防火能力并不取决于单项建筑材料的性能，而是取决于整个建筑系统的耐火等级。加拿大的木结构住宅主体框架采用密封防火设计，并封闭在石膏板后面。石膏板遇火灾时产生的结晶水可以有效地阻燃，而木结构的密封设计也防止了火焰的蔓延。耐火实验证明，在室内发生火灾的2小时内，木结构住宅的主框架保持稳固完整，居住者有充分的时间离开火场并采取灭火措施。
对付白蚁的方法也由传统的土壤处理法发展到使用金属屏障网和屏障沙粒、杀蚁药品、对木材进行防腐防蚁处理等多种有效的方法。今天，“谈蚁色变”的时代早已过去了。
●抗震防风
木结构房屋的抗震能力是众所周知的。加拿大框架式木结构住宅的墙体和楼面、屋面六位一体，均匀受力，抵御地震。在里氏6.8级的神户大地震中，日本的梁柱式木结构住宅因横向承载力不足而纷纷倒塌，只有从加拿大进口的木结构住宅抗震效果极佳，使日本兴起了进口加拿大预制住宅的热潮。
因加拿大的木结构住宅属于密肋的墙承重体系，并且六面整合，抗侧力很强，所以能够承受风速为70米/秒的飓风。在飓风多发的美国西海岸地区和陆龙卷风强烈的加拿大北部地区，木结构住宅仍是当地居民的首选。
●健康环保
二十一世纪，绿色环保生活将成为新的生活方式。木结构住宅采用天然材料作为结构主体，配套建材也不含对人体的有害物质，是理想的绿色居住空间，使人在不知不觉中享受健康环保的益处。另外，木结构建筑法对周围环境的污染和损害极小。国际认可的“生命周期分析方法”对主要建筑材料的环境污染指数进行测试的结果表明，木材对环境污染的各项指标均大大低于砖瓦和混凝土，对水、空气、土壤、周围环境均不造成污
A Acceleration clause
A clause in your mortgage which allows the lender to demand payment of the outstanding loan balance for various reasons. The most common reasons for accelerating a loan are if the borrower defaults on the loan or transfers title to another individual without informing the lender.Adjustable-rate mortgage (ARM)
A mortgage in which the interest changes periodically, according to corresponding fluctuations in an index. All ARMs are tied to indexes.
Adjustment date
The date the interest rate changes on an adjustable-rate mortgage
Amortization: The number of years it will take to pay back your mortgage loan.
Amortization schedule
A table which shows how much of each payment will be applied toward principal and how much toward interest over the life of the loan. It also shows the gradual decrease of the loan balance until it reaches zero.
Anniversary: Most lenders allow borrowers to make payments against the principal on the anniversary of the mortgage.
Appraisal: The act of estimating the market value of a property.
Appraiser
An individual qualified by education, training, and experience to estimate the value of real property and personal property. Although some appraisers work directly for mortgage lenders, most are independent.
Appreciation: The increase in value in a home from when the home was first purchased.
Approved Lender: A lending institution, authorized by the Government of Canada, to make loans under the terms of the National Housing Act. Only Approved Lenders can negotiate mortgages that require mortgage insurance.
Asset
Items of value owned by an individual. Assets that can be quickly converted into cash are considered "liquid assets." These include bank accounts, stocks, bonds, mutual funds, and so on. Other assets include real estate, personal property, and debts owed to an individual by others.
Assumption Agreement: A legal document signed by the homebuyer that requires the buyer to assume responsibility for the obligations of a mortgage by the builder or the previous owner.
B
Balanced Market: A market condition where the demand for property equals the supply of available properties for sale. There is typically a good number of homes available to choose from at fair and stable prices.
Bankruptcy
By filing in federal bankruptcy court, an individual or individuals can restructure or relieve themselves of debts and liabilities. Bankruptcies are of various types, but the most common for an individual seem to be a "Chapter 7 No Asset" bankruptcy which relieves the borrower of most types of debts. A borrower cannot usually qualify for an "A" paper loan for a period of two years after the bankruptcy has been discharged and requires the re-establishment of an ability to repay debt.
Blended Payment: A mortgage payment that includes principal and interest. It is paid regularly during the term of the mortgage. The payment total remains the same, although the principal portion increases over time and the interest portion decreases.
Buyer’s Market: A market condition where there are a higher number of homes to choose from, than buyers able to purchase. Houses will typically remain un-sold for longer periods and tend to sell at a lower price, allowing for increased negotiating leverage for buyers.
C
Closed Mortgage: A mortgage loan that has a locked-in payment schedule and can not be prepaid or renegotiated before the term's end.
Closing Costs: Costs, in addition to the purchase price of the property, such as legal fees, transfer fees and disbursements. Closing costs typically range from 2% - 4% of a property’s selling price and are payable on the closing day.
Closing Date: The date at which the sale of a property becomes final and the new owner takes possession.
Commitment Letter/Mortgage Approval: Written notification from the mortgage lender to the borrower, that approves the advancement of a specified amount of mortgage funds under specified conditions.
Conditional Offer: An Offer to Purchase that is subject to specified conditions, for example, on approved financing or upon an approved home inspection. Conditional offers typically have a stipulated time limit within which the specified conditions must be met.
Condominium
A type of ownership in real property where all of the owners own the property, common areas and buildings together, with the exception of the interior of the unit to which they have title. Often mistakenly referred to as a type of construction or development, it actually refers to the type of ownership.
Condominium Fees: Payments made by owners of condominiums or townhouses to the property management of a complex that is allocated to pay expenses, such as maintenance, repairs and management costs.
Conventional Mortgage: A mortgage loan up to a maximum of 75% of the lending value of the home. Mortgage loan insurance is usually not required for this type of mortgage.
Counteroffer: When an original offer to the seller is not accepted, the seller may counteroffer.
D
Deed: A legal document that is signed by both the vendor and the purchaser, transferring ownership. This document is registered as evidence of ownership.
Default: Failure to abide by the terms of a mortgage loan agreement. A failure to make mortgage payments may give cause to the mortgage holder to take legal action to foreclose the mortgaged property.
Deposit: A sum of money placed in trust by the purchaser when an Offer to Purchase is made. The real estate representative or lawyer holds the sum until the sale is closed, and then it is paid to the vendor.
Depreciation: The decrease in value in a home from when the home was first purchased.
Discharge of Mortgage: A signed document by the mortgage lender given to the borrower when a mortgage loan has been repaid in full.
Down Payment: The portion of the house price the buyer must pay up front, before securing a mortgage. Deposits generally range from 5% - 25% of the purchase price.
E
Easement: A right acquired for access to or over another person's land for a specific purpose, such as a driveway or public utilities.
Equity: The difference between the price for which a property could be sold and the total debts registered against the property.
F
Foreclosure: A legal process in which the lender takes ownership of a home if the borrower defaults on the mortgage loan.
First Home Loan Insurance (FHLI): A product of the CMHC (Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation) which allows qualified first-time buyers to purchase a home with as little as 5% down.
G
Gross Debt Service Ratio (GDS): The percentage of the borrower's gross monthly income that will be used for monthly payments of principal, interest, taxes, heating costs, and half of any condominium maintenance fees.
H
High-Ratio Mortgage: A mortgage loan higher than 75% of the lending value of the property. Such types of mortgages may need to be insured.
Holdback: The amount of money withheld by the lender during construction of a property to ensure that construction at every state is satisfactory.
I
Interest Adjustment Date (IAD): A date from which interest on the mortgage advanced is calculated for regular payments. This date is usually one payment period before regular mortgage payments begin. Interest due between the date the mortgage is advanced and the IAD is due on closing.
Indenture: A document or deed expressing certain objects between the parties.
Interest Rate: The percentage which is charged for the use of borrowed money.
L
Land Transfer Tax or Property Purchase: Money paid to the provincial government for transferring property to the buyer from the seller.
Lien: A claim against a property for money owing.
Listing: A written agreement between a property owner and a real estate representative authorizing the agency to offer the owner's real property for sale.
Loan-to-Value Ratio: The ratio of the loan to the lending value of a property presented as a percentage. For example, the loan-to-value ratio of a loan for $75,000 on a home which costs $100,000 is 75%.
Lump Sum Prepayment: An extra payment made to reduce the principal balance of a mortgage (with or without penalty). A closed mortgage typically restricts lump sum payments. However, with open mortgages, a lump sum prepayment can be made without penalty.
M
Maturity Date: The last day of the term of the mortgage. On this day, the mortgage loan must either be paid in full or the agreement renewed.
Mortgage: Security for a loan to purchase property.
Mortgage Life Insurance: Insurance you can purchase to pay your mortgage in full should you die before it is paid off.
Mortgage Loan Insurance: Mortgage loan insurance is required by lenders for high-ratio mortgages (more than 75% of the purchase price). It is available from CMHC (Canadian Mortgage and Housing Corporation) or a private insurer.
Mortgage Payment: A regularly scheduled payment that can be blended to include both principal and interest.
Mortgagee: The lender who provides the mortgage loan.
Mortgagor: The borrower who pledges the property as security for the loan.
N
Net Worth: An individual’s total financial worth. This is calculated by subtracting total liabilities from total assets.
O
Offer to Purchase: A written contract detailing the terms under which the buyer agrees to buy. If accepted by the seller, it forms a legally binding contract subject to the terms and conditions stated in the document.
Open Mortgage: A mortgage that can be prepaid or paid off or renegotiated at any time without penalty. Interest rates for open mortgages are typically higher than the interest rates for closed mortgages.
Operating Costs: The monthly expenses required to operate a home. Typically, this includes property taxes, property insurance, utilities, telephone and home maintenance.
P
P.I.T.H. (Principal, Interest, Taxes and Heating): The costs that are used to calculate the Gross Debt Service ratio (GDS).
Power of Sale: The right of a mortgagee (the lender) to force sale of the property.
Principal: The amount of money borrowed to purchase the home. Mortgage payments consist of payment against the principal plus the interest the lender is charging for the borrowed money.
Property Taxes: Taxes charged to the homeowner by the municipality where the home is located based on the value of the property.
Property Purchase or Land Transfer Tax: Money paid to the provincial government for transferring property to the buyer from the seller.
R
Real Estate Broker: A brokerage that represents a principal in a real estate trade.
Renewal: The borrower renegotiates the mortgage loan for a new term with the lender at the end of a mortgage term.
S
Second Mortgage: An additional mortgage on a property that already has a mortgage.
Seller's Market: A market condition where there are a higher number of buyers than homes available to purchase. Houses will typically sell faster and at a higher price.
Strata or Condominium Fees: Payments made by owners of condominiums or townhouses to the property management of a complex that is allocated to pay expenses such as maintenance, repairs and management costs.
Survey: A document that shows the property boundaries and measurements, specifies the location of buildings on the property, and indicates any easements or encroachments.
T
Tenant: An individual who occupies land or tenement under a landlord.
Tenure: A method of land holdings for a temporary period of time.
Term: The length of time during which a borrower pays a specific interest rate on the mortgage loan. At the end of the term, the borrower either pays off the mortgage or renews it. Title (freehold): A title gives the holder full and exclusive ownership of the land and building for an indefinite period.
Total Debt Service Ratio (TDS): The percentage of the borrower's gross monthly income needed to cover all monthly housing payments and debts, such as car payments and credit cards.
U
Unit: The premises rented under one tenancy agreement, usually an apartment within a complex with a group of units (apartment buildings, condominiums, townhouse complexes, etc.).
Utilities: Services such as heat, water and electricity that may or may not be included in the amount of rent paid. Cable and telephone services are usually not included.
V
Variable-rate Mortgage: A type of mortgage with fixed payments, but fluctuating interest rates. The fluctuating interest rates do not alter your mortgage payment, but determines how much of each payment is applied against the principal opposed to how much is applied to pay the interest.
Valuation: The act of ascertaining how much a specific property is worth.
Vendor: A seller of a property.
Z
Zoning Bylaws: Municipal or regional laws that direct the use of land.
房子ABC---basement图解
1.混凝土砖墙
2.脚柱
3.地基
4.支柱
5.排水管
6.放潮层
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